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All are true about Braxton-Hicks contractions EXCEPT:A. They aid in cervical dilatation during first stage of labour B. Painless C. Rules out abdominal pregnancy D. Seen in hematometraThe Answer is. A. (They aid in cervical dilatation during first stage of labour)Braxton - Hicks contractionsBraxton Hicks contractions, also known as false labor or practice contractions, are sporadic uterine contractions that sometimes start around 6 weeks. However, they are not usually felt until the second trimester or third trimester of pregnancy. These are irregular, infrequent, spasmodic and painless contractions without any effect on cervical dilations. These are seen in:a) Normal pregnancy b) Hematometra c) Subserous fibroid
Platelet activating factor (PAF) has all the following actions exceptA. promotes aggregation of platelets. B. promotes degranulation of platelets. C. stimulates the release of vasoactive substances from platelets. D. causes vasoconstriction of arterioles.The answer is D. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acts not only on platelets, but also on leukocytes and the microvasculature, where it causes vasodilatation and enhanced vascular permeability.The effects of PAF include the following:A. platelets (1) aggregation(2) degranulation(3) release of serotonin and histamine B. polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1) stimulation of motility of leukocytes(2) superoxide production(3) degranulation C. Blood vessels (1) vasodilatation(2) increased permeability
Hypertrophic heart muscle cells contain increased amounts ofA.Messenger RNA.B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.C. peroxisomes.D. phagosomes.The answer is A.Hypertrophic cardiac myocytes, which are larger than normal, have more cytoplasm and larger nuclei than normal cells. The enlarged nuclei contain more DNA and RNA than their normal counterparts and generate more messenger RNA. The cytoplasm of hypertrophic myocytes contains more myofilaments and mitochondria, but the number of other cytoplasmic organelles is not increased. Water influx, which is typical of hydropic swelling, is not found in hypertrophy
Hypertrophic heart muscle cells contain increased amounts of A.Messenger RNA.B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.C. peroxisomes.D. phagosomes.The answer is A.Hypertrophic cardiac myocytes, which are larger than normal, have more cytoplasm and larger nuclei than normal cells. The enlarged nuclei contain more DNA and RNA than their normal counterparts and generate more messenger RNA. The cytoplasm of hypertrophic myocytes contains more myofilaments and mitochondria, but the number of other cytoplasmic organelles is not increased. Water influx, which is typical of hydropic swelling, is not found in hypertrophy
All the following are examples of atrophy except A. skeletal muscle, following transection of its motor neuron. B. skeletal muscles, following long-term immobilization of the broken extremity in a cast C.ovary following hypophysectomy D. endometrium following long-term administration of estrogen The answer is D.All answers except for D are examples of atrophy. Atrophy of skeletal muscles can result from a loss of innervation due to spinal cord or peripheral nerve trauma. Inactivity, as is often seen following the long-term immobilization of an extremity in a cast, has the same effect. Hypophysectomy is accompanied by atrophy of the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and ovary, which are all organs that depend on stimulation by pituitary trophic hormones. The brain atrophies with advancing age. Estrogen exerts trophic effects on the endometrium, causing hyperplasia rather than atrophy.Endometrial atrophy occurs following ovariectomy or after the menopause, when the ovaries no longer produce estrogen.